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2018年12月英语四级考试阅读真题答案解析：健康饮食
2018年12月大学英语四级长篇阅读真题题目：
Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
Food-as-MedicineMovementIsWitnessingProgress
[A]Severaltimesamonth,youcanfindadoctorintheaislesofRalph’smarketinHuntingtonBeach,California,wearingawhitecoatandhelpingpeoplelearnaboutfood.Ononerecentday,thisdoctorwasDanielNadeau,wanderingthecerealaislewithAllisonScott,givinghersomeideaonhowtofeedkidswhopersistentlyavoidanythingthatishealthy.“Haveyouthoughtabouttryingfreshjuicesinthemorning?”heasksher.“Thefrozenorangesandapplesarealittlecheaper,andfruitsarereallygoodforthebrain.Juicesarequickandeasytoprepare,youcantakethefrozenfruitoutthenightbeforeandhaveitreadythenextmorning.”
[B]ScottisdelightedtogetfoodadvicefromaphysicianwhoisprogramdirectorofthenearbyMaryandDickAllenDiabetesCenter,partoftheSt.JosephHoagHealthalliance.Thecenter’s‘ShopwithYourDoc’programsendsdoctorstothegrocerystoretomeetwithanypatientswhosignupfortheservice,plusanyothershopperswhohappentobearoundwithquestions.
[C]Nadeaunoticesthepre-mademacaroni(通心粉)-and-cheeseboxesinScott’sshoppingcartandsuggestssheswitchtowholegrainmacaroniandrealcheese.“SoI’dhavetomakeit?”sheasks,herenthusiasmfadingatthethoughtofhowlongthatmighttake,justtohaveherkidsrejectit.“I’mnotsurethey’deatit.Theyjustwon’teatit.”
[D]Nadeausayssugarandprocessedfoodsarebigcontributorstotherisingdiabetesratesamongchildren.“InAmerica,over50percentofourfoodisprocessedfood,”Nadeautellsher.“Andonly5percentofourfoodisplant-basedfood.Ithinkweshouldtrytoreversethat.”Scottagreestotrymorefruitjuicesforthekidsandtomakerealmacaroniandcheese.Scoreonepointforthedoctor,zerofordiabetes.
[E]NadeauispartofasmallrevolutiondevelopingacrossCalifornia.Thefood-as-medicinemovementhasbeenaroundfordecades,butit’smakingprogressasphysiciansandmedicalinstitutionsmakefoodaformalpartoftreatment,ratherthanrelyingsolelyonmedications(药物).Byprescribingnutritionalchangesorlaunchingprogramssuchas‘ShopwithyourDoc’,theyaretryingtoprevent,limitorevenreversediseasebychangingwhatpatientseat.“There’snoquestionpeoplecantakethingsalongwaytowardreversingdiabetes,reversinghighbloodpressure,evenpreventingcancerbyfoodchoices,”Nadeausays.
[F]Inthebigpicture,saysDr.RichardAfable,CEOandpresidentofST.JosephHoagHealth,medicalinstitutionsacrossthestatearestartingtomakeaphilosophicalswitchtobecomingahealthorganization,notjustahealthcareorganization.ThatfeelingechoesthebeliefsoftheTherapeuticFoodPantryprogramatZuckerbergSanFranciscoGeneralHospital,whichcompleteditspilotphaseandisabouttoexpandonanongoingbasistofiveclinicsitesthroughoutthecity.Theprogramwillofferpatientsseveralbagsoffoodprescribedfortheircondition,alongwithintensivetraininginhowtocookit.“Wereallywanttolinkfoodandmedicine,andnotjustgiveawayfood,”saysDr.RitaNguyen,thehospital’smedicaldirectorofHealthyFoodInitiatives.“Wewantpeopletounderstandwhatthey’reeating,howtoprepareit,therolefoodplaysintheirlives.”
[G]InSouthernCalifornia,LomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicineisofferingspecializedtrainingforitsresidentphysiciansinLifestyleMedicine—thatisaformalspecialtyinusingfoodtotreatdisease.Researchfindingsincreasinglyshowthepoweroffoodtotreatorreversediseases,butthatdoesnotmeanthatdietaloneisalwaysthesolution,orthateveryillnesscanbenefitsubstantiallyfromdietarychanges.Nonetheless,physicianssaythattheylookatthecollectivedataandaclearpictureemerges:thatthesalt,sugar,fatandprocessedfoodsintheAmericandietcontributetothenation’shighratesofobesity,diabetesandheartdisease.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,80percentofdeathsfromheartdiseaseandstrokearecausedbyhighbloodpressure,tobaccouse,elevatedcholesterolandlowconsumptionoffruitsandvegetables.
[H]“It’sadifferentparadigm(范式)ofhowtotreatdisease,”saysDr.BrendaRea,whohelpsrunthefamilyandpreventivemedicineresidencyprogramatLomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicine.Thelifestylemedicinespecialtyisdesignedtotraindoctorsinhowtopreventandtreatdisease,inpart,bychangingpatients’nutritionalhabits.ThemedicalcenterandschoolatLomaLindaalsohasafoodcupboardandkitchenforpatients.Thisway,patientsnotonlylearnaboutwhichfoodstobuy,butalsohowtopreparethemathome.
[I]Manypeopledon’tknowhowtocook,Reasays,andtheyonlyknowhowtoheatthingsup.Thatmeansdependingonpackagedfoodwithhighsaltandsugarcontent.Soteachingpeopleaboutwhichfoodsarehealthyandhowtopreparethem,shesays,canactuallytransformapatient’slife.Andbeyondthat,itmighttransformthehealthandlivesofthatpatient’sfamily.“Whatpeopleeatcanbemedicineorpoison,”Reasays.“Asaphysician,nutritionisoneofthemostpowerfulthingsyoucanchangetoreversetheeffectsoflong-termdisease.”
[J]Studieshaveexploredevidencethatdietarychangescanslowinflammation(炎症),forexample,ormakethebodyinhospitabletocancercells.Ingeneral,manylifestylemedicinephysiciansrecommendaplant-baseddiet—particularlyforpeoplewithdiabetesorotherinflammatoryconditions.
[K]“Aswhathappenedwithtobacco,thiswillrequireaculturalshift,butthatcanhappen,”saysNguyen.“Inthesamewayphysiciansusedtosmoke,andthenstoppedsmokingandwereabletotalktopatientsaboutit,Ithinkphysicianscanhaveabiggervoiceinit.”
36.MorethanhalfofthefoodAmericanseatisfactory-produced.
37.Thereisaspecialprogramthatassignsdoctorstogiveadvicetoshoppersinfoodstores.
38.Thereisgrowingevidencefromresearchthatfoodhelpspatientsrecoverfromvariousillnesses.
39.Ahealthybreakfastcanbepreparedquicklyandeasily.
40.Trainingapatienttopreparehealthyfoodcanchangetheirlife.
41.Onefood-as-medicineprogramnotonlyprescribesfoodfortreatmentbutteachespatientshowtocookit.
42.Scottisnotkeenoncookingfoodherself,thinkingitwouldsimplybeawasteoftime.
43.Diabetespatientsareadvisedtoeatmoreplant-basedfood.
44.Usingfoodasmedicineisnonovelidea,butthemovementismakingheadwaythesedays.
45.Americans’highratesofvariousillnessesresultfromthewaytheyeat.
2018年12月大学英语四级长篇阅读真题参考答案：
D36.MorethanhalfthefoodAmericanseatisfactory-produced.
B37.Thereisaspecialprogramthatassignsdoctorstogiveadvicetoshoppersinfoodstores.
G38.Thereisgrowingevidencefromresearchthatfoodhelpspatientsrecoverfromvariousillnesses.
A39.Ahealthybreakfastcanbepreparedquicklyandeasily.
I40.Trainingapatienttopreparehealthyfoodcanchangetheirlife.
F41.Onefood-as-medicineprogramnotonlyprescribesfoodfortreatmentbutteacherspatientshowtocookit.
C42.Scottisnotkeenoncookingfoodherself,thinkingitwouldsimplybeawasteoftime.
J43.Diabetespatientsareadvisedtoeatmoreplant-basedfood.
E44.Usingfoodasmedicineisnonovelidea,butthemovementismakingheadwaythesedays.
G45.Americans’highratesofvariousillnessesresultfromthewaytheyeat.
2018年12月大学英语四级长篇阅读真题答案解析：
36.答案：D
解析：D段中InAmerica,over50percentofourfoodisprocessedfood与该题干MorethanhalfthefoodAmericanseatisfactory-produced.属于同义替换。
37.答案：B
解析：B段中的Thecenter’s‘ShopwithYourDoc’programsendsdoctorstothegrocerystoretomeetwithanypatients与该题干Thereisaspecialprogramthatassignsdoctorstogiveadvicetoshoppersinfoodstores.属于同义替换。
38.答案：G
解析：G段中Researchfindingsincreasinglyshowthepoweroffoodtotreatorreversediseases与该题干Thereisgrowingevidencefromresearchthatfoodhelpspatientsrecoverfromvariousillnesses.属于同义替换。
39.答案：A
解析：A段中Juicesarequickandeasytoprepare,youcantakethefrozenfruitoutthenightbeforeandhaveitreadythenextmorning.与该题干Ahealthybreakfastcanbepreparedquicklyandeasily.属于同义替换。
40.答案：I
解析：I段中Soteachingpeopleaboutwhichfoodsarehealthyandhowtopreparethem,shesays,canactuallytransformapatient’slife.与该题干Trainingapatienttopreparehealthyfoodcanchangetheirlife.属于同义替换。
41.答案：F
解析：F段中Theprogramwillofferpatientsseveralbagsoffoodprescribedfortheircondition,alongwithintensivetraininginhowtocookit.与该题干Onefood-as-medicineprogramnotonlyprescribesfoodfortreatmentbutteachespatientshowtocookit.属于同义替换。
42.答案：C
解析：C段中“SoI’dhavetomakeit?”sheasks,herenthusiasmfadingatthethoughtofhowlongthatmighttake,justtohaveherkidsrejectit.“I’mnotsurethey’deatit.Theyjustwon’teatit.”与该题干Scottisnotkeenoncookingfoodherself,thinkingitwouldsimplybeawasteoftime.属于同义替换。
43.答案：J
解析：J段中的Ingeneral,manylifestylemedicinephysiciansrecommendaplant-baseddiet—particularlyforpeoplewithdiabetesorotherinflammatoryconditions.与该题干Diabetespatientsareadvisedtoeatmoreplant-basedfood.属于同义替换。
44.答案：E
解析：E段中的Thefood-as-medicinemovementhasbeenaroundfordecades,butit’smakingprogressasphysiciansandmedicalinstitutionsmakefoodaformalpartoftreatment,ratherthanrelyingsolelyonmedications(药物).与该题干Usingfoodasmedicineisnonovelidea,butthemovementismakingheadwaythesedays.属于同义替换。
45.答案：G
解析：G段中的thesalt,sugar,fatandprocessedfoodsintheAmericandietcontributetothenation’shighratesofobesity,diabetesandheartdisease.与该题干Americans’highratesofvariousillnessesresultfromthewaytheyeat.属于同义替换。