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2018年12月英语六级考试阅读模拟试题(1)
Thefoodirradiationprocessisasimpleone.ThenewU.S.plant,VindicatorofFloridaIncorporatedinMulberry,Fla.,usesamaterialcalledcobalt60toirradiatefood.Cobalt60isradioactiveisotope(form)ofthemetallicelementcobalt.Cobalt60,whichgivesoffradiationintheformofgammarays,isalsousedforradiationtherapyforcancerpatientsandforsterilizinghospitalequipment.Theradioactiveisotopeiscreatedbybombardingcobaltwithsubatomicparticlesinanuclearreactor.However,irradiationplantsdonotthemselvescontainnuclearreactors.
Intheirradiationplant,foodisexposedtothinrodsofcobalt60.Therodsgiveoffgammarays,whichdisruptchemicalprocessesincontaminatingorganisms.Thedisruptionbreaksdownthecellwallsoforganismsordestroystheirgeneticmaterial.Thedose,setbytheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA),isenoughtokillorganismsonfood,butnotenoughtoproducesignificantchangesinthefooditself.
Althoughirradiationslightlydecreasesthenutritivevalueoffoods,thelossislessthanthatproducedbysomeothermethodsoffoodpreservation.Canning,forexample,resultsinamuchgreaterlossofnutrients.
Thosewhoobjecttoirradiationsaythattheprocessmaycreatesubstancesnotfoundinnonirradiatedfood.Sincethe1960’sresearchershavestudiedirradiatedfoodatmicroscopiclevelstotrytofindsuchsubstances,calleduniqueradiolyticproducts.Afterreviewingthesestudies,theFDAdeterminedthatcompoundsformedduringirradiationaresimilartosubstancefoundinnonirradiatedfoodsandarenotdangeroustoconsume.
Destructionofmicroorganismsthatcauseillnessisanimportantgoalofirradiation.About250millioncasesoffoodpoisoningor1perperson—occureveryyearintheU.S.,accordingtoFDAestimates.Foodpoisoningcancausevomiting,diarrhea,fever,headache—and,occasionally,death.
Becauseoftheapparentsafetyoffoodirradiation,andtheproblemspresentedbycontaminatedfood,scientificgroups—includingtheAmericanMedicalAssociation,theWorldHealthOrganization,andtheUnitedNationsfoodandAgricultureAssociation—havevoicednearlyuniversalsupportfortheprocess.Worldwide,38nationshaveapprovedirradiationfor355products.
Likemicrowaveovens,foodirradiationhasarousedapprehensionandmisunderstanding.Yetithasbeenscrutinizedmorethoroughlythanothermethodsoffoodtreatmentthatwehavecometoregardassafe,anditappearstobeamethodwhosetimehascome.
1.Cobalt60,besidesirradiatingfood,isalsoemployedto___.
A.detectmetallicflaws
B.runanuclearreactor
C.curecancerpatients
D.strengthenconcretewalls
2.Gammaraysusedtoirradiatefood___.
A.aregenerallynotstrongenoughtodestroycontaminatingorganisms
B.donotbringaboutsignificantchangesinthefooditself
C.maydestroysomeofthenutrientsinthefood
D.shouldbesubmittedtoFDAforapproval
3.Irradiatedfood___.
A.certainlylosesitsnutritivevalue
B.maintainsitsnutritivevaluenodifferentfromthenonirradiated
C.keepsitsnutritivevaluebetterthancannedfood
D.isrecommendedasthebestofallpreservedfoods
4.Withcasesoffoodpoisoningincreasing,___.
A.foodirradiationshouldbecarriedoutwithcare
B.itismoreurgenttoirradiatefoods
C.medicalresearchesintotreatmentofthediseasedshouldbestrengthened
D.Americansarebeginningtoacceptfoodirradiation
5.Thepassagemaybetakenfrom___.
A.anewsreport
B.atextbookoffoodprocessing
C.abookofpopularscience
D.amanualoffoodirradiation
答案：CBCCD
2018年12月英语六级考试阅读模拟试题(2)
IliveinthelandofDisney,Hollywoodandyear-roundsun.Youmaythinkpeopleinsuchaglamorous,fun-filledplacearehappierthanothers.Ifso,youhavesomemistakenideasaboutthenatureofhappiness.
Manyintelligentpeoplestillequatehappinesswithfun.Thetruthisthatfunandhappinesshavelittleornothingincommon.Funiswhatweexperienceduringanact.Happinessiswhatweexperienceafteranact.Itisadeeper,moreabidingemotion.
Goingtoanamusementparkorballgame,watchingamovieortelevision,arefunactivitiesthathelpusrelax,temporarilyforgetourproblemsandmaybeevenlaugh.Buttheydonotbringhappiness,becausetheirpositiveeffectsendwhenthefunends.
IhaveoftenthoughtthatifHollywoodstarshavearoletoplay,itistoteachusthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfun.Theserich,beautifulindividualshaveconstantaccesstoglamorousparties,fancycars,expensivehomes,everythingthatspells“happiness”.Butinmemoiraftermemoir,celebritiesrevealtheunhappinesshiddenbeneathalltheirfun:depression,alcoholism,drugaddiction,brokenmarriages,troubledchildrenandprofoundloneliness.
Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifhe’shonest,hewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment.Forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventureandexcitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.
Similarly,couplesthatchoosenottohavechildrenaredecidinginfavorofpainlessfunoverpainfulhappiness.Theycandineoutevertheywantandsleepaslateastheywant.Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight’ssleeporathree-dayvacation.Idon’tknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildren.
Understandingandacceptingthattruehappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisoneofthemostliberatingrealizationswecanevercometo.Itliberatestime:nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buyingthatnewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthoserichandglamorouspeopleweweresosurearehappybecausetheyarealwayshavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.
1.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
A.Funcreateslong-lastingsatisfaction.
B.Funprovidesenjoymentwhilepainleadstohappiness.
C.Happinessisenduringwhereasfunisshort-lived.
D.Funthatislong-standingmayleadtohappiness.
2.Totheauthor,Hollywoodstarsallhaveanimportantroletoplaythatisto__.
A.ritememoiraftermemoirabouttheirhappiness.
B.tellthepublicthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfun.
C.teachpeoplehowtoenjoytheirlives.
D.bringhappinesstothepublicinsteadofgoingtoglamorousparties.
3.Intheauthor’sopinion,marriage___.
A.affordsgreaterfun.
B.leadstoraisingchildren.
C.indicatescommitment.
D.endsinpain.
4.Coupleshavinginfantchildren___.
A.areluckysincetheycanhaveawholenight’ssleep.
B.findfunintuckingthemintobedatnight.
C.findmoretimetoplayandjokewiththem.
D.derivehappinessfromtheirendeavor.
5.Ifonegetthemeaningofthetruesenseofhappiness,hewill__.
A.stopplayinggamesandjokingwithothers.
B.makethebestuseofhistimeincreasinghappiness.
C.giveafreehandtomoney.
D.keephimselfwithhisfamily.
答案：CBCDB
2018年12月英语六级考试阅读模拟试题(3)
FederalReserveSystem,centralbankingsystemoftheUnitedStates,popularlycalledtheFed.Acentralbankservesasthebankertoboththebankingcommunityandthegovernment;italsoissuesthenationalcurrency,conductsmonetarypolicy,andplaysamajorroleinthesupervisionandregulationofbanksandbankholdingcompanies.IntheU.S.thesefunctionaretheresponsibilitiesofkeyofficialsoftheFederalReserveSystem:theBoardofGovernors,locatedinWashington,D.C.,andthetopofficersof12districtFederalReservebanks,locatedthroughoutthenation.TheFed’sactions,describedbelow,generallyhaveasignificanteffectonU.S.interestratesand,subsequently,onstock,bond,andotherfinancialmarkets.
TheFederalReserve’sbasicpowersareconcentratedintheBoardofGovernors,whichisparamountinallpolicyissuesconcerningbankregulationandsupervisionandinmostaspectsofmonetarycontrol.TheboardenunciatestheFed’spoliciesonbothmonetaryandbankingmatter.Becausetheboardisnotanoperatingagency,mostoftheday-todayimplementationofpolicydecisionsislefttothedistrictFederalReservebanks,stockinwhichisownedbythecommercialbanksthataremembersoftheFederalReserveSystem.Ownershipinthisinstance,however,doesnotimplycontrol;theBoardofGovernorsandtheheadsoftheReservebanksorienttheirpoliciestothepublicinterestratherthantothebenefitoftheprivatebankingsystem.
TheU.S.bankingsystem’sregulatoryapparatusiscomplex;theauthorityoftheFederalReserveissharedinsomeinstancesforexample,inmergersortheexaminationofbankswithotherFederalDepositInsuranceCorporation(FDIC).Inthecriticalareaofregulatingthenation’smoneysupplyinaccordancewithnationaleconomicgoals,however,theFederalReserveisindependentwithinthegovernment,IncomeandexpendituresoftheFederalReservebanksandoftheboardofgovernorsarenotsubjecttothecongressionalappropriationprocess;theFederalReserveisself-financing.Itsincome($20.2billionin1992)comesmainlyfromReservebankholdingsofincome-earningsecurities,primarilythoseoftheU.S.government.Outlays($1.5billionin1992)aremostlyforoperationalexpensesinprovidingservicestothegovernmentandforexpendituresconnectedwithregulationandmonetarypolicy.In1992theFederalReservereturned416.8billioninearningstotheU.S.treasury.
1.TheFedoftheUnitedStates___.
A.functionasChinaBank
B.isthecounterpartofPeople’sBankofChina
C.issubjectedtothebankingcommunityandgovernment
D.has13topofficerswhocaninfluencetheAmericanfinancialmarket
2.ThefactthatstockintheFedbelongstocommercialbanks___.
A.doesn’tmeanthelatterisincontrol
B.meansthelatterisincontrol
C.meansthelatterissubjectedtotheReservebanks
D.meanstheReservebanksorientthelatter’spolicies
3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.Thefedisaverybig,complexandsignificantsystemwhichcomprisesmanylocalbanks.
B.AllthecommercialbanksarenotthecomponentsofFederalReserveSystem.
C.Boardofgovernorsisthesupremepolicy-makersofAmerica.
D.DistrictReservebanksratherthanBoardofgovernorsperformtheday-to-daypolicies.
4.TheauthorityofthefederalReserve___.
A.hastobesharedwithotherestablishments.
B.isexclusiveatothertimes
C.isn’tlimitedbycomptrolleroftheCurrencyandFDIC
D.islimitedbyBoardofgovernors
5.IncomeoftheBoardofgovernors___.
A.isborrowedfromtheU.S.treasury
B.isusedbythegovernmenttomakevariouspolicies
C.comesfromtheU.S.Treasury
D.isnotgrantedbythegovernment
答案：BACBD