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2019年上半年大学英语四级阅读理解：medicalresearchers
Inthe1960s,medicalresearchersThomasHolmesandRichardRahedevelopedachecklistofstressfulevents.Theyappreciatedthetrickypointthatanymajorchangecanbestressful.Negativeeventslike“seriousillnessofafamilymember”werehighonthelist,butsoweresomepositivelife-changingevents,likemarriage.WhenyoutaketheHolmes-Rahetestyoumustrememberthatthescoredoesnotreflecthowyoudealwithstress—itonlyshowshowmuchyouhavetodealwith.Andwenowknowthatthewayyouhandletheseeventsdramaticallyaffectsyourchancesofstayinghealthy.
Bytheearly1970s,hundredsofsimilarstudieshadfollowedHolmesandRahe.AndmillionsofAmericanswhoworkandliveunderstressworriedoverthereports.Somehow,theresearchgotboileddowntoamemorablemessage.Women’smagazinesranheadlineslike“Stresscausesillness!”Ifyouwanttostayphysicallyandmentallyhealthy,thearticlessaid,avoidstressfulevents.
Butsuchsimplisticadviceisimpossibletofollow.Evenifstressfuleventsaredangerous,many—likethedeathofalovedone—areimpossibletoavoid.Moreover,anywarningtoavoidallstressfuleventsisaprescription(处方)forstayingawayfromopportunitiesaswellastrouble.Sinceanychangecanbestressful,apersonwhowantedtobecompletelyfreeofstresswouldnevermarry,haveachild,takeanewjobormove.
Thenotionthatallstressmakesyousickalsoignoresalotofwhatweknowaboutpeople.Itassumeswe’reallvulnerable(脆弱的)andpassiveinthefaceofadversity(逆境).Butwhatabouthumaninitiativeandcreativity?Manycomethroughperiodsofstresswithmorephysicalandmentalvigorthantheyhadbefore.Wealsoknowthatalongtimewithoutchangeorchallengecanleadtoboredom,andphysicalandmetalstrain.
练习题：
Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:
1.TheresultofHolmes-Rahe’smedicalresearchtellsus________.
A.thewayyouhandlemajoreventsmaycausestress
B.whatshouldbedonetoavoidstress
C.whatkindofeventwouldcausestress
D.howtocopewithsuddenchangesinlife
2.Thestudiesonstressintheearly1970’sledto________.
A.widespreadconcernoveritsharmfuleffects
B.greatpanicoverthementaldisorderitcouldcause
C.anintensiveresearchintostress-relatedillnesses
D.popularavoidanceofstressfuljobs
3.ThescoreoftheHolmes-Rahetestshows________.
A.howmuchpressureyouareunder
B.howpositiveeventscanchangeyourlife
C.howstressfulamajoreventcanbe
D.howyoucandealwithlife-changingevents
4.Whyis“suchsimplisticadvice”(Line1,Para.3)impossibletofollow?
A.Noonecanstayonthesamejobforlong.
B.Noprescriptioniseffectiveinrelievingstress.
C.Peoplehavetogetmarriedsomeday.
D.Youcouldbemissingopportunitiesaswell.
5.Accordingtothepassagepeoplewhohaveexperiencedupsanddownsmaybecome____.
A.nervouswhenfacedwithdifficulties
B.physicallyandmentallystrained
C.morecapableofcopingwithadversity
D.indifferenttowardwhathappenstothem
1.[C]事实细节题。根据文章的第1句话可知，这两位科学家对造成人们压力的事件列了一个清单,故C与此相符,为正确答案。
2.[A]事实细节题。根据文章第2段第2句“…millionsofAmericans...worriedoverthereports.”可见此研究报告引起了widespreadconcern,故选A。
3.[A]事实细节题。根据第1段第4句中的doesnotreflect...,itonlyshows...可知本题答案应为破折号后的内容，其中howmuch指的是howmuchstress,故可知A为正确答案。
4.[D]推理判断题。这里的建议是指第2段末尾提出的“避免带来压力的事”。根据第3段第3句“而且，警告人们远离压力，这个处方不仅使人避免麻烦，同时也使人放弃了机会”,故选D。
5.[C]推理判断题。根据文章倒数第2句“很多人经历一段时间的压力后，无论是身体还是精神都比原来更有活力”，故选C。
2019年上半年大学英语四级阅读理解：subjective
Tasteissuchasubjectivematterthatwedon'tusuallyconductpreferencetestsforfood.Themostyoucansayaboutanyone'spreference,isthatit'soneperson'sopinion.Butbecausethetwobigcola(可乐)companiesCoca-ColaandPepsiColaaremarketedaggressively,we'vewonderedhowbigaroletastepreferenceactuallyplaysinbrandloyalty.WesetupatastetestthatchallengedpeoplewhoidentifiedthemselvesaseitherC0ca-ColaorPepsifans:Findyourbrandinablindtasting.
WeinvitedstaffvolunteerswhohadastronglikingforeitherCoca-ColaClassic(传统型)orPepsi,Diet(低糖的)Coke,orDietPepsi-Thesewerepeoplewhothoughtthey'dhavenotroubletellingtheirbrandfromtheotherbrand.Weeventuallylocated19regularcoladrinkersand27dietcoladrinkers.
Weeventuallylocated19regularcoladrinkersand27dietcoladrinkers.Thenwefedthemfourunidentifiedsamplesofcolaoneatatime,regularcolasfortheonegroup,dietversionsfortheother.WeaskedthemtotelluswhethereachsamplewasCokeorPepsi;thenweanalyzedtherecordsstatisticallytocomparetheparticipants'choiceswithwhatmeregum-workwouldhaveaccomplished.
Gettingallfoursamplesrightwasatoughtest,butnottootough,wethought,forpeoplewhobelievedtheycouldrecognizetheirbrand.Intheend,only7outof19regularcoladrinkerscorrectlyidentifiedtheirbrandofchoiceinallfourtrials.Thediet-coladrinkersdidalittleworse-only7of27identifiedallfoursamplescorrectly.
Whilebothgroupsdidbetterthanchancewouldpredict,nearlyhalftheparticipantsineachgroupmadethewrongchoicetwoormoretimes.Twopeoplegotallfoursampleswrong.Overall,halftheparticipantsdidaboutaswellonthelastroundoftastingasonthefirst,sofatigue,ortasteburnout,wasnotafactor.OurpreferencetestresultssuggestthatonlyafewPepsiparticipantsandCokefansmayreallybeabletotelltheirfavoritebrandbytasteandprice.
练习题：
Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:
1.Accordingtothepassagethepreferencetestwasconductedinorderto_____.
A.findouttheroletastepreferenceplaysinaperson'sdrinking
B.revealwhichcolaismoretothelikingofthedrinkers
C.showthataperson'sopinionabouttasteismereguess-work
D.comparetheabilityoftheparticipantsinchoosingtheirdrinks
2.Thestatisticsrecordedinthepreferencetestsshow_____.
A.Coca-ColaandPepsiarepeople'stwomostfavoritedrinks
B.thereisnotmuchdifferenceintastebetweenCoca-ColaandPepsi
C.fewpeoplehadtroubletellingCoca-ColafromPepsi
D.people'stastesdifferfromoneanother
3.Itisimpliedinthefirstparagraphthat_____.
A.thepurposeoftastetestsbtopromotethesaleofcolas
B.theimprovementofqualityisthechiefconcernofthetwocolacompanies
C.thecompetitionbetweenthetwocolasisverystrong
D.blindtastingisnecessaryforidentifyingfans
4.Theword"burnout"(Line4,Para.5)herereferstothestateof_____.
A.beingseriouslyburntintheskin
B.beingunabletoburnforlackoffuel
C.beingbadlydamagedbyfire
D.beingunabletofunctionbecauseofexcessiveuse
5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageisto_____.
A.showthattastepreferenceishighlysubjective
B.arguethattastetestingisanimportantmarketingstrategy
C.emphasizethattasteandpricearecloselyrelatedtoeachother
D.recommendthatblindtastingbeintroducedinthequalitycontrolofcolas
1.[A]第1段第3句提到，由于两大可乐公司的营销如此具有攻击性，我们不由想知道对味道的偏好在品牌忠诚度上起多大的作用，A与之相符。
2.[B]第4段第2、3句表明可口可乐和百事可乐在味道方面并无多大差异，B与之相符。A、D不是实验数据所表明的事情，故排除;C与原文的意思不相符，也排除。
3.[C]由第1段第3句中CocaColaandPepsiColaaremarketedsoaggressively可知两大公司竞争极为激烈，故选C。
4.[D]文章最后一段第3句中，fatigue与tastebumout之间用or连接，表明两者语义比较接近，对比四个选项，D符合，表示味觉疲劳、麻木。
5.[A]文章第1句Tasteissuch...food表明味觉偏好是十分主观的，且下文讲到的实验结果也更进一步印证了该观点，故选A。